FIGURE 1. A Human A₁AR gene promoters and their flanking sequences. The transcription start sites for promoters A and B are labeled +1 and they are about 600 bp apart. The transcriptional factor-binding sites are underlined. The arrows pointing upward or downward indicate the boundaries of plasmid inserts for PmtA/-897 or PmtB/-422, respectively. The horizontal arrows indicate the boundaries of exons and intron. B The simplified structure of human A₁AR promoters and regulatory elements. From Ren H, Stiles GL. 1999. Dexamethasone Stimulates Human A1 Adenosine Receptor (A1AR) Gene Expression through Multiple Regulatory Sites in Promoter B. Mol Pharmacol 55(2):309-316.